Edith Wilson: The First Woman President

The second Mrs. Wilson was a capable hostess. However, the First World War dominated her tenure. She led by example on meatless Mondays and wheatless Wednesdays. To avoid using desperately needed labor, the first lady allowed sheep to graze on the White House lawn rather than having it mowed. When the war ended, she traveled to Paris with her husband for peace negotiations.

The war took its toll on President Wilson. After returning from Europe, he suffered a paralytic stroke. Mrs. Wilson took over routine affairs of state. At the same time, she protected the president from overwork. The first lady brought important matters to him. She examined every paper and report that came to the executive office. Less important items were delayed or referred to the appropriate agency or cabinet officer. The president had become an invalid.

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Wilson’s incapacitation should have led to his removal. However, the first lady strenuously opposed Vice President Thomas Marshall. Congress grew concerned over the president as rumors swirled about his condition. A delegation demanded an audience with Wilson and his wife relented. On this occasion, the president appeared alert, energetic, and in good spirits. Placated, the delegation left the president to rest.

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Edith Wilson assumed more power than any first lady before or since. When President Wilson suffered a devastating stroke, she grabbed the reigns of power and decided what received priority. Her role evolved dramatically from hostess to advisor to acting president. The invalid Wilson should have been removed, but his wife’s forceful presence and a bit of luck helped him escape this ignominy.